【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingAnaerobicBiodegradabilityofRadiolabeledPlasticMaterialsinaLaboratory-ScaleSimulatedLandfillEnvironment
【原文标准名称】:在实验室模拟陆地环境下测定放射性塑料物质厌氧生物降解性的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD6776-2002
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D20.96
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:anaerobicbiodegradation;biodegradability;landfills;methaneproduction;radiolabeledmethod
【摘要】:ThismethodcanbeusedtoassesstheanaerobicbiodegradabilityofpolymericcomponentsofMSWsuchaspackagingmaterialsandtocomparetheirbiodegradabilitytothatofmaterialsroutinelyburiedinlandfillssuchasofficepaperandnewsprint.Theprocedurecanbecompletedin6to9months.Thistimeframemakesitpossibletoconsiderwastemanagementduringproductdesign.Thedatafromthismethodmakesitpossibletocharacterizethebehaviorofconsumerproductsattheendoftheirusefullifewhentheyenterthesolidwastemanagementsystem.Limitations8212;Becausedecompositioninthistestisaccelerated,theresultsreflecttheultimatebiodegradabilityofamaterialinalandfill.Theactualrateofdegradabilityinafull-scalelandfillwillbeaffectedbylandfillenvironmentalconditionsaswellasthephysicalcharacteristicsofthematerialwhenactuallyburied.1.1Thistestmethodisdesignedtomeasuretheanaerobicbiodegradabilityofamaterialunderconditionsthatsimulateaccelerateddecompositioninamunicipalsolidwaste(MSW)landfill.Thetestmethodrequirestheuseofa14C-labeledmaterialsothatbiodegradabilitycanbedeterminedbymonitoringformethane(14CH4)andgaseousandaqueouscarbondioxide(14CO2(g)and14CO2(aq)),whicharetheterminalendproductsofmethanogenicdecomposition.Methanogenicconditionstypicallycontroldecompositioninlandfills.Note18212;AmorecompletedescriptionofthisdecompositionisfoundinReference(3).1.2ThismethodcouldbeappliedtolandfillsthatcontainmaterialsotherthanMSW.14C-Radiolabeledmaterialwillbeaddedtocompostsuchthatbetween25ciand75956;ciactivityper2litresoftestrefuseresults.Note28212;Addingmoreradiolabelisdesirablebecause,ifthematerialbiodegrades,therewillbelittleresidualradiolabelleftattheendofthedecompositionexperiment,whichiswhentherefuseisremovedfromareactorandanalyzedforresidualradiolabeltoperformamassbalance.Inaddition,ifinsufficientradiolabelisadded,thenCH4andCO2(g)productionfromtheaddedrefusewilldilutethe14CH4and14CO2(g)fromdecompositionofthetestmaterial,andthelabeledgasesmaynotbedetectedinthereactoroffgas.1.3Thismeasureofanaerobicbiodegradabilityinthelaboratoryrepresentswhatwillultimatelyoccurinalandfilloveralongperiod.Thetestconditionsspecifiedherearedesignedtoacceleraterefusedecompositionsuchthattheentiredecompositioncyclecanbecompletedinsixmonths.Note38212;Thiscyclemayrequiredecadesinalandfilldependingupontheactualenvironmentalconditions(moisturecontent,pH,temperature).1.4Themeasuredbiodegradabilityobtainedhereiscomparedtothebiodegradabilityofbothpureandlignifiedcellulose,whicharechemicallysimilartoofficepaperandnewsprint,bothofwhichareroutinelyburiedinlandfills.Note48212;ThedegradabilityofthereferencedcompoundsisdescribedinReferences(2)and(5).Atthistime,thereisnostandardconcerningtheextenttowhichacompoundmustbiodegradeunderthetestconditionsdescribedheretobeconsideredbiodegradable.Thus,thistestismostappropriatelyusedtomeasurebiodegradabilityrelativetopureandlignifiedcellulose.1.5Thesafetyproblemsassociatedwithrefuseandradioactivityarenotaddressedinthisstandard.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpractices.Itisalsoincumbentontheusertoconformtoalltheregulatoryrequirements,specificallythosethatrelatetotheuseofopenradioactiv......
【中国标准分类号】:Z04
【国际标准分类号】:83_080_01
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:
基本信息
| 标准名称： | 箱包五金配件箱走轮 |
| 中标分类： |
轻工、文化与生活用品 >>
五金制品 >>
日用五金制品 |
| 替代情况： | 被QB/T 1586.2-2010代替 |
| 发布部门： | 中华人民共和国轻工业部 |
| 发布日期： | 1992-08-31 |
| 实施日期： | 1993-04-01 |
| 首发日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 作废日期： | 2011-04-01 |
| 提出单位： | 轻工业部质量标准司 |
| 归口单位： | 全国毛皮制革标准化中心 |
| 起草单位： | 北京市皮革五金厂、上海皮革金属厂 |
| 起草人： | 杨翠荣、陶家宁 |
| 出版社： | 中国轻工业出版社 |
| 出版日期： | 1993-04-01 |
| 页数： | 4页 |
适用范围
本标准规定了旅行衣箱走轮的技术要求、试验方法、检验规则和标志、包装、运输、贮存。
本标准适用于以人造革、天然革和其他材料制成的各种旅行衣箱的走轮，其他箱包用走轮也适用。
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所属分类： 轻工 文化与生活用品 五金制品 日用五金制品