【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforEstimatingUncertaintiesinDosimetryforRadiationProcessing
【原文标准名称】:辐射加工用剂量测定不确定度评定的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMISO/ASTM51707-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.01
【标准类型】:(ISO/ASTM)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:absorbeddose;accuracy;bias;dosimeter;dosimetry;electronbeams;error;gammaradiation;radiationprocessing;TypeAevaluation;TypeBevaluation;uncertainty;x-ray;ICS
【摘要】:4.1Gamma,electron,andX-ray(bremsstrahlung)facilitiesroutinelyirradiateavarietyofproductssuchasfood,medicaldevices,asepticpackagingandcommodities(seeISO/ASTMPractices51204and51431).Processparametersmustbecarefullycontrolledtoensurethattheseproductsareprocessedwithinspecifications(seeISO11137,Section2.3).Accuratedosimetryisessentialinprocesscontrol(seeISO/ASTMGuide51261).Forabsorbeddosemeasurementstobemeaningful,thecombineduncertaintyassociatedwiththesemeasurementsmustbeestimatedanditsmagnitudequantified.NOTE1-Foracomprehensivediscussionofvariousdosimetrymethodsapplicabletotheradiationtypesandenergiesdiscussedinthisguide,seeICRUReports14,17,34,35andRefs(5,6).4.2ThisguideusesthemethodologyadoptedbytheInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationforestimatinguncertaintiesindosimetryforradiationprocessing(see2.3).ASTMtraditionallyusesthetermsofprecisionandbiaswhereprecisionisameasureoftheextenttowhichreplicatemeasurementsmadeunderspecifiedconditionsareinagreementandbiasisasystematicerror(seeASTMTerminologiesE170andE456,andPracticeE177).Asseenfromthisstandard,componentsofuncertaintyareevaluatedaseitherTypeAorTypeBratherthanintermsofprecisionandbias.ErrorisdifferentfromTypeAandTypeBcomponentsofuncertainty.4.3Althoughthisguideprovidesaframeworkforassessinguncertainty,itcannotsubstituteforcriticalthinking,intellectualhonesty,andprofessionalskill.Theevaluationofuncertaintyisneitheraroutinetasknorapurelymathematicalone;itdependsondetailedknowledgeofthenatureofthemeasurandandofthemeasurementmethodandprocedureused.Thequalityandutilityoftheuncertaintyquotedfortheresultofameasurementthereforeultimatelydependsontheunderstanding,criticalanalysis,andintegrityofthosewhocontributetotheassignmentofitsvalue.4.4Processrequirementsmaynecessitateestablishmentofatargetuncertainty,whichprovidesapointofreferenceforevaluatingwhetherthecalculatedvalueofuncertaintyisacceptablefortheprocessunderconsideration.4.5Resultsofanuncertaintyassessmentmaybeusedtoaidintheevaluationofthestatisticalcontrolinthegivenapplication.Controllablecomponentsofuncertaintymayberankedbycomparisontototaluncertainty.Thisrankingmaybeusedtoidentifyareasforcorrectiveactiontoreducethetotaluncertainty.1.1Thisguidedefinespossiblesourcesofuncertaintyindosimetryperformedingamma,X-ray(bremsstrahlung),andelectronirradiationfacilitiesandoffersproceduresforestimatingtheresultingmagnitudeoftheuncertaintiesinthemeasurementofabsorbeddoseusingadosimetrysystem.Basicconceptsofmeasurement,estimateofthemeasuredvalueofaquantity,"truevalue",error,anduncertaintyaredefinedanddiscussed.Componentsofuncertaintyarediscussedandmethodsaregivenforevaluatingandestimatingtheirvalues.Howthesecontributetothestandarduncertaintyinthereportedvaluesofabsorbeddoseareconsideredandmethodsaregivenforcalculatingthecombinedstandarduncertaintyandanestimateofexpanded(overall)uncertainty.ThemethodologyforevaluatingcomponentsofuncertaintyfollowsISOprocedures(see).Thetraditionalconceptsofprecisionandbiasarenotusedinthisdocument.Examplesaregiveninfiveannexes.1.2Thisguideassumesaworkingknowledgeofstatistics.Severalstatisticaltextsareincludedinthereferences().Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationsprior......
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:24P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Hydraulicturbines,storagepumpsandpumpturbines-Rehabilitationandperformanceimprovement
【原文标准名称】:水轮机、蓄水泵和泵轮机.复原和性能改进
【标准号】:IEC62256-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:2008-01
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际电工委员会(IX-IEC)
【起草单位】:IEC/TC4
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:成本;电气工程;评定;液压系统;液压装置;水力发电站;改进;模型;使用条件;性能;设备结构;功率放大;水泵水轮机;改建;蓄水泵;涡轮机;振动;水轮机
【英文主题词】:Costs;Electricalengineering;Evaluations;Hydraulicsystems;Hydraulics;Hydroelectricpowerstations;Improvement;Models;Operatingconditions;Performance;Plantconstruction;Poweramplification;Pumpturbines;Redevelopments;Storagepumps;Turbines;Vibration;Waterturbines
【摘要】:ThescopeofthisInternationalStandardcoversturbines,storagepumpsandpump-turbinesofallsizesandofthefollowingtypes:?Francis;?Kaplan;?propeller;?Pelton(turbinesonly);?Bulb.Whereverturbinesorturbinecomponentsarereferredtointhetextofthisguide,theyshallbeinterpretedalsotomeanthecomparableunitsorcomponentsofstoragepumpsorpumpturbinesasthecaserequires.TheGuidealsoidentifieswithoutdetaileddiscussion,otherpowerhouseequipmentthatcouldaffectorbeaffectedbyaturbine,storagepump,orpump-turbinerehabilitation.
【中国标准分类号】:K55
【国际标准分类号】:27_140
【页数】:259P;A4
【正文语种】:英语